10-KPeriod: FY2008

FIRST SOLAR, INC. Annual Report, Year Ended Dec 27, 2008

Filed February 25, 2009For Securities:FSLR

Summary

First Solar, Inc.'s February 25, 2009 10-K filing reveals a company experiencing significant growth, driven by its proprietary thin-film semiconductor technology and a strong backlog of long-term supply contracts. The company's cost advantage over traditional crystalline silicon solar module manufacturers, with average costs of $1.08 per watt in 2008, is a key differentiator. Despite strong sales growth, driven largely by European demand and substantial manufacturing capacity expansion in Malaysia and Germany, the company faces risks related to customer concentration, as five customers accounted for nearly all its net sales in 2008. Furthermore, the report highlights the company's significant investment in research and development aimed at improving conversion efficiency and reducing per-watt manufacturing costs. However, investors should be aware of the inherent risks in the rapidly evolving solar industry, including intense competition, dependence on government subsidies, potential supply chain disruptions for critical raw materials like cadmium telluride, and the limited operating history of thin-film technology. The company's substantial international operations also expose it to currency exchange rate fluctuations and geopolitical risks.

Financial Statements
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Key Highlights

  • 1First Solar utilizes a proprietary thin-film semiconductor technology, achieving significantly lower manufacturing costs ($1.08/watt in 2008) compared to crystalline silicon manufacturers.
  • 2The company has secured long-term supply contracts valued at approximately $5.8 billion (from 2009-2013), providing a substantial sales backlog.
  • 3Net sales experienced substantial growth, increasing by 147% from $504 million in 2007 to $1.25 billion in 2008, primarily due to increased module volume sold.
  • 4Manufacturing capacity has been significantly expanded with 19 production lines operational by the end of 2008 and plans for 24 lines by the end of 2010, increasing global manufacturing capacity to approximately 1145MW.
  • 5The company acquired Turner Renewable Energy, LLC in November 2007, expanding its capabilities into solar power systems and project development in the United States.
  • 6Key risks identified include a high concentration of customers, with five customers accounting for substantially all net sales in 2008, and a significant dependence on government subsidies and economic incentives, particularly in European markets.
  • 7Research and development expenses increased by 122% year-over-year to $33.5 million in 2008, signaling continued investment in technological advancement.

Frequently Asked Questions

First Solar's primary competitive advantage lies in its proprietary thin-film semiconductor technology, which uses cadmium telluride. This technology allows for a continuous, automated manufacturing process that significantly reduces manufacturing costs per watt (averaging $1.08 in 2008) compared to traditional crystalline silicon solar module manufacturers.

First Solar has secured long-term solar module supply contracts with project developers and system integrators that, in aggregate, allow for approximately $5.8 billion in sales from 2009 to 2013. These contracts provide a substantial sales backlog and visibility into future revenue.

Key risks include a high customer concentration, with five customers accounting for nearly all net sales in 2008. The company's performance is also heavily influenced by government subsidies and economic incentives, which are subject to change. Other risks include intense competition, potential supply chain disruptions for critical materials like cadmium telluride, the inherent risks of a relatively new technology (thin-film), and currency exchange rate fluctuations due to substantial international operations.

First Solar is aggressively expanding its manufacturing capacity. By the end of 2008, it operated 19 production lines across its facilities in Ohio, Germany, and Malaysia. The company planned to reach 24 production lines with an annual global manufacturing capacity of approximately 1145MW by the end of 2010, demonstrating a strong commitment to scaling production.